Details of book printing process (1)

Foreword

Turn the ideas in your mind into words; turn the beauty in your eyes into pictures. Combine the words and pictures organically, arrange them in a beautiful layout on the computer, and send them to a professional printing company. The next proofing, filming, printing, binding, etc. work in one go, a beautiful book on the Hold it in your hands. And modern printing technology makes the production process of books and magazines as a poem, fresh and smooth, every link is like the notes in the music, orderly and consistent, smooth and clear, playing them in succession into a song. Wonderful. A book starts with invisible Engel. Yu Chengqian’s tangible book is spread in society and reflected in behavior. Our responsibility is to complete the process from invisible to tangible. A book according to its production process can be roughly divided into three steps: prepress, India, India. Here we use the three steps to explain the main processes and processes before the birth of a book in a straightforward and easy-to-understand way.

table of Contents

Chapter 1 Prepress Chapter 2 Sheet-fed offsets Chapter 3 Rotary printing Chapter 4 Paper knowledge Chapter 5 Post-press processing Chapter 6 Bind Chapter 7 Afterwards Chapter 8 Digital printing

Chapter 1 Prepress

The manuscript: The manuscript theoretically belongs to another major, put it on the prepress part, undoubtedly makes the prepress meaning more extensive. In fact, this part of the work is done by the unit or individual who wants to publish the book. Whether it is a composition draft, a draft, a manuscript, or an individual's creation, this work is necessary as a source for the birth of a book. There is no passive water, no wood, and it must be that the editor thinks that there is a certain genre. Its readers will start editing the manuscript.

Press Release: As a large-scale comprehensive modern printing company, we integrate design, graphic production, proofing, printing, binding, and post-processing, so we have corresponding treatment for manuscripts sent from different stages of production. Methods can be successfully incorporated into the workflow. Because the manuscripts provided to us by professional publishers, magazines, advertising design companies and non-professional companies, institutions, groups and even individuals are often different. According to the types of press releases received, we use the workload of printing plants from small to large—a list of:

1. Large-format film (large-format film): Limited by professional technology and equipment, a very small number of customers can provide large-format film and proofing. One of the benefits of the large-format film is to eliminate the imposition time, you can directly blue paper, ok directly into the sun after the PS version of the stage, after a good version of the printing press on the printing; the second is to avoid artificial imposition The resulting errors make the four-color overprinting more accurate during printing and directly guarantee the variety of the book.

Prepress workflow diagram

2, scattered Zhang film (spread film): At present, most magazines, publishers or design companies will provide scattered film and proofing. After we receive it, we will do the following work: First, we will count the number of films: Including the P number (that is, the number of pages, is an abbreviation of the English page), and the number of colors per p, usually a colored book will have four films per p. The four sheets are red, yellow, blue, and black, each of which will be marked with a blank space outside the heart of the film, sometimes in Chinese - "red", "yellow", "blue", "in" It is sometimes abbreviated in English—“M”, “Y”, “C”, and “K”. The reason for this is that it is convenient for the next process, the imposition. Of course, if it was a black and white book, the film would be much simpler. Every P had only one black version of the film: if it was a two-color print, it would consist of two colors of film. Normally, we use the binding method of the book to first apply the blue paper version. The color book generally only fights the two main colors of red and black, and then it is used to print the large version of blue paper. After the paper is printed out, the page is folded according to the actual folding method. Good posts, teach customers to confirm. This step is a crucial step for the customer to be the last chance to check the correctness of the content before printing, and it is necessary for us to check the correctness of the imposition. The person who reads Lan Paper is responsible for his actions. If he confirms that he must sign the name above. After the paper recognition, you can fight on the machine. This time, the four-color film is spelled together. After the big version is printed on the machine, each color corresponds to a PS version. Four colors correspond to four versions. In addition, we will also spread the proofing of the collage into a large version according to the order of the imposition.

3. Produce complete electronic documents: There are also many professional customers who have produced well-established electronic documents. They are taught on compact discs, and they are also placed directly on our servers via the Internet. (FTP://218.245 235.251). Either way, what we most hope to get is a PDF document, because it can minimize the error rate, and it is fast and accurate. Of course, not too many customers can do it, but it doesn't matter, because almost any typesetting software creates a file we can open. Upon receipt of the document, our pre-press work crew will check the document before the release: if the finished product is the correct size, whether the font is missing, the format of the map is correct, the resolution is enough to print the standard, the edge of the map is bleeding, to be retained The content is from the cutting line is far enough, there is garbled and so on. Of course, some problems will only be discovered after digital samples are produced. We have several digital proofing machines. Digital proofing is the basis for printing and coloring. After the customer obtains the proofing, he must carefully check the colors, text, layout, etc. of the pictures. Correct the problematic part and confirm it again. It is completely correct. . After the proofing is confirmed, it will be divided into two procedures because of the final publishing form: If we adopt the CTP publishing and printing method, we will use the professional imposition software in the computer to make a large version, and then we will use a digital blue paper. The unearthed version is convenient and fast, and it is the development trend of modern printing; it can also output film, like the traditional way, the sun PS version, on the machine printing.

4. Produced good documents and photo manuscripts: Customers need to use our professional electronic scanning equipment to convert photos, reversal films, printed samples, and even film manuscripts into electronic information (such as TIFF format) with sufficient printing accuracy. Reconciliation plans for maps, all this by our pre-press professional staff to operate. After the documents are made well, proofing and other work will be carried out. The process is the same as above.

5. Ideas, Text, and Photo Manuscripts: There will be some non-professional customers who can provide only some manuscripts, word documents, logos, photos, and ideas. Our designers will first communicate with customers to understand their ideas for books, such as the nature of the book, the requirements of the format, paper, binding form, personal preferences, and cost range. The information can be clearly understood and then the design can be targeted to avoid doing useless work and make the design easier for the customer to identify. Of course, the premise is that the customers who communicated with them in the previous period and the customers who made the final decision should be the same person because there is a gap in people's preferences. Before the design is finalized, there will be repeated processes of proofreading. It is necessary to be keenly aware of customer requirements and make good suggestions to customers. Because our designers are very familiar with the prepress knowledge, the design documents will be very complete, so the final output will be smooth.

Common professional typesetting software

Prepress knowledge:

* Welcome to picture quality:
Electronic version of the picture - After setting the print size, the resolution can not be less than 300dpi;
Printed manuscript - the effect after scanning will not be better than the manuscript, so the quality of the manuscript should be as high as possible;

*CMYK format and RGB format:
The pre-print color output must be in CMYK mode so that the printing process can be followed. The image displayed on the screen is represented by the RGB mode; the image seen on the print is the CMYK mode representation. For example, journals, albums, posters, etc. are printed, so it must be CMYK mode. CMY is the first letter of three printing ink names: Cyan Cyan, Magenta Magenta, Yellow Yellow. K takes blank. The reason why he does not take the first letter of blue is to avoid confusion with Blue Blue. In theory, only CMY three inks are sufficient, and three of them should add together to get black. However, since the current manufacturing process cannot produce high-purity ink, the result of the CMY addition is actually a dark red color, and therefore it is necessary to add a special black ink to express accurate colors.

* Knowledge of outlets:
In the printing process, the continuous-harmonic half-tone images are adjusted by dot density, and by mixing CMYK four-color dots, endless colors can be expressed. There are two main types of outlets currently used in the printing process: amplitude modulation (AM) and frequency modulation (FM).
AM outlets are the most widely used outlets at present, and their dot density is fixed. The color shades are expressed by adjusting the size of the outlets to achieve tone transition. In printing, the use of AM sites mainly needs to consider the size of the outlets, the shape of the outlets, the angle of the outlets, and the accuracy of the network cables.
(1) The size of outlets - the coverage of outlets.
10% - 30% of the highlights
Midtones 40% - 60%
Shadowing 70% - 90%
(2) The shape of the dots is more than a circle. In the case of 50% ink, the dots are divided into square, round, and diamond shapes.
(3) In the printing plate making, the choice of the dot angle is very important.
Common dot angles of 90 degrees, 15 degrees, 45 degrees, 75 degrees;
The 45 degree performance is the best, and the stability is not dull;
15, 75 angle stability difference;
90 degrees is the most stable, but it lacks beauty.
If two or more dots are put together, there will be mutual interference. When the interference is severe enough to affect the appearance of the image, there is a commonly known "rhizard pattern", also called "net collision." In general, when the angle difference between the two kinds of dots is 30 degrees or 60 degrees, the overall interference fringes are more beautiful.
(4) The size of the screen determines the degree of surprise of the image. Similar to the resolution, we usually use how many dots per inch can be arranged, and the unit b (line/inch) represents the density of the dots. The setting of the specific number of printing lines also involves paper and printing conditions:
Below line 130: low-quality printing for newsprint, writing paper or large posters;
150 lines: ordinary four-color printing, can be used for all types of paper;
Line 175: exquisite albums, posters, and more for coated paper printing. A large number of printed materials in our company use this line number;
200 lines or more: The highest requested album, using advanced coated paper or special paper.
The network of FM is the fixed size of the outlets, and the tone is achieved by controlling the denseness of the outlets. The highlights are sparsely populated and the darkest tone is dense. The advantages of the FM network are: it can better reflect the details of the image; make the picture feel smoother; and it will not appear to control the network. However, the use of FM network requires high printing plate.

Reprinted from: Hualian Printing "China Printing Light" Open Monthly Brochure