Recently, the state's major scientific and technological infrastructure "steady-state strong magnetic field experimental device" passed the acceptance test in Hefei, making China the fifth country with stable steady magnetic field after the United States, France, the Netherlands and Japan. In Beijing Huairou, another large scientific device, the “Integrated Extreme Condition Experimental Deviceâ€, was also started. It sounds like "steady magnetic field" and "comprehensive extreme conditions" are unfamiliar, they all belong to the country's major technological infrastructure. Why is it necessary to build such a facility, and what is the significance of these two large devices for scientific research?
Steady-state strong magnetic field experimental device
Magnetic phenomena are one of the basic phenomena of matter. Scientific research has long confirmed that when the substance is in a magnetic field, its internal structure may change, and the magnetic field has thus been a very useful tool for studying many disciplines such as physics. The structure and state of matter may change under strong magnetic field conditions, presenting diverse physical and chemical phenomena and effects. The higher the magnetic field strength, the more obvious the change in matter, and the more favorable it is for new scientific discoveries, just like the magnification of 10,000 times the microscope can tell the researchers more than 10 times the magnification. However, the increase in the strength of the magnetic field is very difficult at every step. The "steady-state strong magnetic field experimental device" at the center of the strong magnetic field has reached a magnetic field strength of 400,000 Gauss. This is the goal that several powerful countries in the world have tried in the past two decades.
Strong Magnetic Science Center of Chinese Academy of Sciences (the equipment in the picture is magnetic measurement equipment MPMS, the picture comes from the network)
Hybrid magnet device (has generated a steady-state magnetic field strength of 40T, the world's second highest field strength, the picture comes from the network)
Strong magnetic fields are one of the most important extreme conditions in modern scientific experiments. Under the extreme conditions of a strong magnetic field, the properties of matter can be regulated, which gives scientists the opportunity to study new phenomena and discover new technologies. The field is also known as the cradle of the Nobel Prize, including the 985 and 1998 Nobel Prize in Physics for the integer and fractional quantum Hall effect, and the Nobel Prize-winning MRI in 2003. From life sciences to medical technology, from chemical synthesis to functional materials... Strong magnetic fields are the research environment that scientists are eager for in all fields of science.
During the operation of the "steady-state strong magnetic field experimental device", it provided experimental conditions for more than 1,500 projects of 106 user units such as Tsinghua University, Peking University, Fudan University, and China University of Science and Technology, and produced a large number of scientific research results with international influence.
Integrated extreme condition experimental device
Any substance is formed under certain physical conditions. By bringing the physical experimental conditions to an extreme state, many new substances and new states that cannot be obtained under conventional physical conditions can be formed. The comprehensive extreme condition experimental device refers to a user device that integrates extreme conditions such as extremely low temperature, ultra high pressure, strong magnetic field and ultra fast light field. On the second day after the acceptance of the “steady-state strong magnetic field experimental deviceâ€, China started the construction of the first “integrated extreme condition experimental device†in Huairou Science City, Beijing, which is further than the “steady-state strong magnetic field experimental deviceâ€.
Schematic diagram of extreme conditions (picture from the Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences)
Lu Li, a project scientist and researcher at the Institute of Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, said: "For example, extremely low temperature can suppress the random movement of electrons and atoms in matter; strong magnetic field can be used as a thermodynamic parameter that can change the internal content of matter. Energy; ultra-high pressure can effectively shorten the atomic spacing of materials, increase the overlap of adjacent electron orbitals, thereby changing the crystal structure of matter, and the interaction between atoms to form a new material state; ultra-fast lasers have unparalleled ultra-fast time Features, fast-changing light fields are the fastest physical quantities that people can manipulate and control."
After the completion of the comprehensive extreme condition experimental device, it will be the first user device integrating extreme conditions such as extremely low temperature, ultra high pressure, strong magnetic field and ultrafast light field in the world, in unconventional superconducting, topological state, quantum material and In the field of devices, it provides the support of the most advanced experimental means, which provides an unprecedented opportunity for the manual design and preparation of related materials, as well as the cracking of many scientific problems.
The national major scientific and technological infrastructure, such as the steady-state strong magnetic field experimental device and the comprehensive extreme condition experimental device, is an important platform for scientists to carry out scientific research and a tool for improving scientific research. Their completion is not only the result of innovation and advancement of Chinese scientific research personnel, but also will attract more talents to conduct research in related fields with great magnetic force, and promote scientific research in China's basic fields to further advance in the world.
The original part of the article is taken from: CCTV focus interview, People's Network
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