In artificial climate testing, the temperature experienced by a polymer material can be measured in several ways. While the dry bulb temperature from a psychrometer provides an indication of the air temperature inside the chamber, another common method involves using a blackboard hygrometer. This device measures the temperature of a black or white panel, which is exposed to the same environmental conditions as the test sample.
The blackboard thermometer typically shows a higher temperature than the surrounding air because it absorbs both heat from the air and radiation from the light source. The black panel, coated with a material that absorbs at least 90% of incident light up to 2500 nm, acts as a heat sink. It is placed parallel to the sample on the sample holder, and its temperature is measured by a bimetallic strip or resistance sensor located at the center. This reading gives an approximation of the maximum surface temperature the sample might reach during the test, helping to monitor and control thermal stress.
Blackboard thermometers have been widely used for many years and are still referenced in standards such as ASTM, JIS, DIN, and ISO. However, as artificial climate chambers have evolved, the design and size of these thermometers have also changed. Different types of chambers—like xenon arc, carbon arc, and fluorescent UV chambers—require different sizes of blackboard thermometers, depending on the dimensions of the sample holders.
A standard blackboard thermometer is usually made of a stainless steel plate measuring around 150 mm in length, 70 mm in width, and 1 mm in thickness. The surface facing the light source is coated with a black lacquer to ensure high absorptivity. These devices play a critical role in simulating real-world exposure conditions and ensuring accurate temperature monitoring during accelerated aging tests.
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