With the intensification of global climate change, droughts have become more frequent in China, making water scarcity and drought issues increasingly prominent. To effectively manage soil moisture monitoring, address drought threats, promote a transformation in agricultural development, and ensure sustainable agricultural growth, this program has been specifically formulated.
First, the overall requirements: During the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, agricultural departments at all levels should strengthen soil moisture monitoring, promote the construction of monitoring stations (points), establish and improve a national, provincial, and county-level public opinion monitoring network system, and expand the scope of soil moisture monitoring. Utilizing modern monitoring and information equipment will enhance monitoring efficiency and service capabilities. It is also important to gradually improve the evaluation index system for major crops and achieve standardized and scientific public opinion assessment. Strengthening the application of high-tech solutions will improve the timeliness, relevance, and scientific nature of public opinion monitoring, providing a basis for guiding agricultural production, disaster prevention, and decision-making by leaders.
Soil moisture monitoring should be centered around serving agricultural production, focusing on soil and crops, with overall planning and rational distribution. The monitoring system should cover major grain-producing areas and drought-prone regions. Using modern technologies like automation, informatization, and networking, key technical links in soil moisture monitoring will be emphasized to achieve fixed-point and regular monitoring. Analyzing and summarizing soil moisture data, evaluating crop water demand, and proposing timely countermeasures are essential. A regular public consultation and reporting system should be established to improve the timeliness and visibility of results.
Second, the basic principles:
(1) Representativeness: Monitoring stations should be strategically placed considering factors such as leading crops, climate, irrigation, soil type, and other regional conditions to ensure representative data.
(2) Timeliness: Soil moisture monitoring must be timely, rapid, and accurate, especially during drought and flood events. Information should be reported promptly, and during key agricultural seasons, summaries should be made in time.
(3) Normative: A structured work system and responsibility framework should be established, ensuring that staff are stable, equipment is well-equipped, and data is reliable, detailed, and scientifically evaluated.
Third, the key work:
(1) Monitoring point layout: Select representative farmland based on climate, topography, crop layout, irrigation, soil type, and production level. Set up one monitoring point per 100,000 mu of cultivated land, with no fewer than five counties involved.
(2) Data collection: Monitor soil moisture at four levels (0–20 cm, 20–40 cm, 40–60 cm, 60–100 cm), with additional layers during seedling stages. Collect meteorological data, crop status, irrigation, and field conditions.
(3) Establishment of an indicator system: Conduct field trials to determine suitable soil moisture levels for different crops and growth stages, forming a scientific evaluation index system.
(4) Public opinion evaluation: Evaluate soil moisture, crop appearance, and production status to determine public opinion levels. Define thresholds for waterlogging, excessive moisture, appropriate moisture, and drought.
(5) Information compilation: Summarize monthly data, report droughts and floods promptly, and compile reports with analysis, forecasts, and recommendations.
(6) Application of results: Share findings through briefings, set up demonstration zones, and evaluate benefits such as water savings, productivity improvements, and loss reduction.
Fourth, main measures:
(1) Unify thinking and understanding: Recognize the importance of soil moisture monitoring for food security and integrate it into local budgets.
(2) Accelerate network system construction: Use modern technology to improve monitoring methods and data transmission.
(3) Improve working systems: Implement strict procedures for layout, monitoring, and evaluation.
(4) Cultivate professional teams: Train technicians to ensure quality and continuity.
(5) Strengthen guidance services: Provide timely information, technical support, and promote water-saving technologies.
Finally, this year’s key work includes preparing a national plan, conducting training, summarizing spring and summer moisture data, supervising operations, and reviewing annual efforts. These steps ensure a comprehensive and effective approach to soil moisture monitoring and agricultural sustainability.
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