With the increasing intensity of global climate change, droughts in China have become more frequent, and water shortages have emerged as a critical issue. To effectively monitor soil moisture, address the threat of drought, promote the transformation of agricultural practices, and ensure sustainable agricultural development, this program has been specifically formulated.
First, the overall requirements: During the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, agricultural departments at all levels should enhance soil moisture monitoring efforts, accelerate the construction of monitoring stations, establish a national, provincial, and county-level public opinion monitoring network, and expand the scope of monitoring. Modern equipment and information technology should be fully utilized to improve efficiency and service capabilities. The evaluation index system for major crops should be gradually improved, achieving standardization and scientific evaluation. Advanced technologies should be applied to enhance the timeliness, relevance, and scientific nature of monitoring, providing a foundation for guiding agricultural production, disaster prevention, and decision-making.
Soil moisture monitoring should serve agricultural production, focusing on soil and crops, with a comprehensive plan and rational distribution. It should cover major grain-producing areas and drought-prone regions. Using modern high-tech methods such as automation and networking, key technical aspects should be emphasized to achieve regular and fixed-point monitoring. Soil moisture data should be analyzed, crop water demand assessed, and timely countermeasures proposed. A regular consultation and reporting system should be established to improve the timeliness and visibility of results.
Second, the basic principles: (1) Representativeness – Monitoring stations should be strategically located considering regional factors like crops, climate, irrigation, and soil types. (2) Timeliness – Monitoring should be timely, accurate, and responsive to drought and flood events, especially during key agricultural seasons. (3) Normative – A structured work system and responsibility system should be established, ensuring reliable data, detailed investigations, and scientific evaluations.
Third, the key work: (1) Monitoring point layout – Select representative farmland based on climate, topography, and crop patterns, setting up one monitoring point per 100,000 mu. (2) Data collection – Monitor soil moisture at different depths and collect meteorological and agricultural data. (3) Establishment of an indicator system – Conduct field trials and analyze data to form a scientific evaluation framework. (4) Public opinion evaluation – Classify land types and assess conditions based on moisture, crop appearance, and growth status. (5) Information compilation – Summarize and report data regularly, conduct expert consultations, and prepare comprehensive reports.
Fourth, the main measures: (1) Unifying understanding – Emphasize the importance of monitoring for food security. (2) Accelerate network construction – Integrate funds and adopt standardized systems. (3) Improve working systems – Ensure quality, data accuracy, and procedural compliance. (4) Train professional teams – Equip each county with skilled personnel. (5) Strengthen guidance – Provide technical support and promote water-saving practices.
Fifth, key work arrangements for this year: Develop a national plan, conduct training, summarize seasonal moisture conditions, supervise, and review the annual work.
This comprehensive approach ensures that soil moisture monitoring is efficient, accurate, and beneficial for agriculture and disaster management.
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