Some problems in the national standard of disposable biodegradable tableware

Although national standards for disposable tableware for degradable tableware (GB18006.1-1999 and GB/T18006.2-1999) have been formally introduced, there are still a number of problems in the standards themselves and in the implementation process, which are summarized as follows:
1. What should I do if I am not a product with foamed plastic tableware or a new standard?
It is no longer necessary to discuss how the foamed PS cutlery is banned by the state. However, the new standard has only two major categories and five types. Therefore, if the products do not belong to these two situations, such as non-foaming but difficult to degrade plastic cutlery, the use performance is fully satisfied. Requirements, and the recovery rate is high, but the degradation can not meet the requirements of the product, how to do?
2. Who will test the product?
At present, the national standard has been in effect since January 1, 2000. Most testing organizations do not yet know the standard conditions, especially the degradation performance test (photodegradation and biodegradation). Which authority is responsible? As the detection standards stipulate different detection methods, there are still many details that need to be known by the testing unit. At the same time, there should be corresponding experimental equipment and test personnel. In principle, the use of performance, safety and health performance, physical and chemical indicators and toxicity testing, provincial health and epidemic prevention stations can be done, and the degradation performance is best to find the national level, such as the National Plastics Testing Center, the Chinese Academy of Environmental Sciences, and more. For reliability.
3. The issue of degradation standards and their identification This issue was raised during the discussion of the standard draft, but it has not yet been well resolved, especially for degradable plastic standards. Because the master batch does not have national standards (and it may not be possible), the quality of the master batch cannot be determined, but can only be determined by the products it manufactures, and the products will undergo major changes due to different grades of resins and processing techniques. The reliability of standards and controls needs to be carefully treated and collected, otherwise the reliability of the conclusions will be seriously affected. For biodegradation experiments, especially compost experiments, there are similar problems. Without rich experience, it is difficult to achieve accurate and reliable detection results. Therefore, the detection of degradation performance must be performed by a national-level and experienced unit to test the reliability.
4. Judgment of test results Judgment of how problematic test results are judged to be scientific and fair will have a great impact on the company's products. Since the drafting time of national standards was short and there were not many qualified products, some indicators were determined without being sufficiently difficult to verify. This will have a certain impact on the determination, such as GB18006.1 6.2 of the 02 temperature test 95 °C ± 5 °C oil, water, 60 °C ambient temperature 30min, no deformation, peeling, wrinkling, no leakage, leakage This indicator can be said to be difficult to achieve for the pulp molding category, especially the problem of seepage and seepage. It is almost universal, then whether it is judged as unqualified?
In addition, the aerobic composting biodegradability test in item 8.2 of Standard GB18006.1 stipulates that the degradation rate of plant fibers and edible powders should be more than 60%, which is very difficult for plant fibers because it The products contain more inorganic materials, such as carbonates, which are harmless to the environment but cannot be decomposed into carbon dioxide through composting tests. Therefore, the conversion rate of carbon cannot reflect the actual situation. According to the test personnel of the Institute of Solid-State Environmental Protection, 40% is still possible, and 60% is difficult to achieve. This will have a significant impact on the determination of test results.
5. Evaporation Residues and Toxicity Tests Food packaging is closely related to human health. Therefore, a new product should be subjected to rigorous evaluation tests before it is used. For high-polymer polymer food packaging materials and cutlery containers, the individual must be evaluated in parts (units) and finished products (polymers). The final product is determined based on the amount of residue in the 4% acetic acid solution test of the molded product (independent of whether the raw material is natural or synthetic). Specific provisions are as follows:
A. If it is a newly developed product in China, its evaporation residue is ≥ 30PPM, which is unqualified and no toxicological test is conducted;
B.20PPM- C.10PPM- D.5PPM- E.5PPM, acute toxicity test and one mutagenicity test. In the case of products that have been approved for use by two or more economically more developed countries, the evaporation residue is:
≥ 30PPM, unqualified, no toxicology test;
(Dong Jinshi)