[Abstract] This paper introduces the connotation of green packaging, green packaging materials and green packaging design. Green packaging plays an important role in environmental protection. The development of green packaging is an inevitable choice in the 21st century.
Keywords: green; green packaging; progress The development of the packaging industry has made a great contribution to green construction, but on the one hand, product packaging consumes a lot of resources. On the other hand, packaging residues are a huge source of pollution that can not be ignored in environmental pollution. It has brought serious environmental problems to humanity.
According to the results of the national poll conducted by the United States' "Packaging", most people think that the environmental pollution caused by packaging is second only to water pollution, marine lake pollution, and air pollution. According to rough estimates of experts, the amount of waste discarded each year in the world receives 10 billion tons, and packaging waste accounts for about 1/3, which accounts for 1/2 of the volume. These packaging materials not only consume resources, but also occupy A great deal of space and a lot of processing costs are consumed. At the same time, many of the materials of the packaging are non-degradable and will remain in the environment for a long time. These wastes seriously affect the ecological balance and cause great pollution to the environment. In today's society, packaging and environmental protection are being placed in front of people as a social hot spot and have become a serious problem that countries urgently need to solve. Therefore, green packaging is a common need for human survival and development. Developing green packaging is an inevitable choice for the 21st century. 1 The connotation of green packaging Green packaging refers to all kinds of packaging materials that are harmless, less polluting and meet environmental requirements, including environment and The meaning of two aspects of resource regeneration. The green packaging requirements in the sustainable development strategy The design, manufacture, use, and disposal of product packaging should all meet the requirements for ecological protection such as low consumption, reduction in quantity, and less pollution. Green packaging also refers to packages that are recyclable and environmentally friendly. Green packaging refers not only to the packaging of the goods sold in the stores themselves, but also to the use of green packaging when the goods are purchased separately.
2 Green Packaging Materials The basic requirements of green packaging materials are that they are easy to recycle and have no pollution. Green packaging materials mainly include the following types.
2.1 Plastic Packaging In people's minds, plastic is the culprit for the "white pollution", because most of the plastics used today are not decomposable. At present, the internationally popular "degradable new plastics" have excellent qualities that are self-decomposing and disappear after being discarded and do not pollute the environment.
According to the "Watching" magazine, Germany has invented a packaging cup made from starch that is insoluble in liquids and can contain dairy products. This invention saves 4 billion Plastic Bottle materials for Germany and it is easily disassembled after being discarded. The United States has developed a plastic bag made from starch and synthetic fiber, which can be broken down into water and carbon dioxide in nature. Countries such as the Netherlands and Italy have already stipulated that certain plastic packaging materials must use biodegradable plastics, and no environmentally harmful packaging should be placed on the market. China's Sichuan Province successfully developed controllable light and biodegradable starch plastic products, but due to the high cost, no mass production has yet been established.
2.2 Paper Packaging There are many types of paper packaging and it is easy to recycle.
At present, many companies have considered the use of medium-sized, heavy-duty pressure cardboard boxes or white cardboard boxes to pack, and use a variety of moisture-proof fresh paper instead of plastic film for packaging. At present, the recycling technology of waste paper is also relatively mature. Waste paper and waste paper boxes can also be used to remanufacture different secondary products of different quality according to their color and composition. In Japan, recycled paper shopping bags became fashionable. Major department stores used them. After 10 years of research and experiment, Swedes invented the Tetra Pak brick aseptic carton packaging. The milk, juice and beverages used in such packages need not be refrigerated. You can keep fresh for 6 months. After recycling, it can be made into color music board for furniture, decoration materials, toys, speaker equipment and so on. The French environmental protection department clearly stipulates that supermarket packaging must be printed with "recycling" environmental protection signs. On the food shelf, most dairy products, juices, and beverages are packed with Tetra Pak aseptic carton packs. Carton packaging has become the mainstream of European liquid food packaging. At present, more than half of the plastic packaging in the United States has been changed to new paper packaging. In China, Shanghai Jiabao Packaging Company has introduced advanced equipment to develop a pulp model. This product is made from natural plant fibers, such as reed pulp, bagasse pulp, wood pulp and other raw materials, which are scientifically formulated and molded. This pulp model is the ideal product to replace foam plastic tableware.
2.3 Glass packaging High-strength, thin-walled, lightweight glass is increasingly being used.
If you do not contain metals, ceramics and other substances, the glass can be almost completely recycled. The content of other colored glass fragments in a certain color glass has maximum limits: 1 Green glass: The maximum content of other colored glass does not exceed 15%. 2 White glass: The maximum content of other colored glass does not exceed 3%, in which the maximum content of brown glass does not exceed 2%, and the maximum content of green glass does not exceed 1%. 3 Brown glass: The maximum content of other colored glass does not exceed 8%. For this reason, it is necessary to strengthen the separate collection of different colored glass. In some developed countries, white glass and stained glass are separately collected in different containers. Because glass packaging has strong visibility and is easy to recycle and reuse, it becomes the main container for beverages and other products.
2.4 Bamboo Packaging Bamboo packaging has the characteristics of being non-toxic, non-polluting, and easy to recycle. It also complies with the principles of “resources, reduction, and harmlessness†advocated by the state. Bamboo packaging refers to: bamboo plastic box, silk bundle box and so on. China is a country lacking timber in the world, but the total area of ​​bamboo forests and the amount of bamboo resources in China ranks first and second in the world. China's bamboo packaging with rich traditional culture is favored by countries in Europe, America and Japan.
2.5 Metal Packaging It is characterized by easy recycling, multiple use, recycling and profitability.
Metal packaging usually refers to two-piece or three-piece aluminum cans and three pieces of tinplate cans that use resistance welding and steel packing boxes.
3 The design of green packaging (1) Packaging designers should use green packaging materials and design long-life packaging materials as much as possible, which can greatly reduce the environmental pollution after packaging is discarded.
(2) Reduction of packaging. In some developed countries, many supermarkets encourage consumers to use nylon shopping bags that can be used multiple times and use less disposable plastic bags. The materials used in packaging design are minimized, unnecessary packaging is eliminated as much as possible, and simple packaging is promoted to save resources.
(3) Simplification of packaging materials. The materials used are as simple as possible and do not mix with different materials for recycling.
(4) Detachable packaging design. Packagings that require a composite structure should be designed as a detachable structure that facilitates recycling after disassembly.
(5) Pay attention to the reuse of packaging materials. Use packaging that can be recycled, reused, and recycled to increase the packaging life cycle, thereby reducing packaging waste.
(6) Detoxification of packaging materials. The European Packaging and Packaging Waste Directive regulates the level of heavy metals (lead, mercury, chromium, etc.), for example, the lead content is less than 100 ppm. China should also stipulate in legislation the prohibition of the use or reduction of the use of certain packaging materials containing lead, mercury, and tin and other harmful ingredients, and specify the content of heavy metals.
4 Conclusion Green packaging is closely related to environmental protection and is worthy of worldwide attention. In the face of the global green packaging revolution, China is about to join the WTO. In order for our products to enter the international market in an even more invincible position, China's packaging industry should make great efforts to catch up with the world trend in product packaging. Packaging has a future. (LI Jun, HUANG Hong, SHI Xiaohong) (Department of Materials, Chongqing Institute of Technology, Chongqing 400050) (From "Packaging Project")
Keywords: green; green packaging; progress The development of the packaging industry has made a great contribution to green construction, but on the one hand, product packaging consumes a lot of resources. On the other hand, packaging residues are a huge source of pollution that can not be ignored in environmental pollution. It has brought serious environmental problems to humanity.
According to the results of the national poll conducted by the United States' "Packaging", most people think that the environmental pollution caused by packaging is second only to water pollution, marine lake pollution, and air pollution. According to rough estimates of experts, the amount of waste discarded each year in the world receives 10 billion tons, and packaging waste accounts for about 1/3, which accounts for 1/2 of the volume. These packaging materials not only consume resources, but also occupy A great deal of space and a lot of processing costs are consumed. At the same time, many of the materials of the packaging are non-degradable and will remain in the environment for a long time. These wastes seriously affect the ecological balance and cause great pollution to the environment. In today's society, packaging and environmental protection are being placed in front of people as a social hot spot and have become a serious problem that countries urgently need to solve. Therefore, green packaging is a common need for human survival and development. Developing green packaging is an inevitable choice for the 21st century. 1 The connotation of green packaging Green packaging refers to all kinds of packaging materials that are harmless, less polluting and meet environmental requirements, including environment and The meaning of two aspects of resource regeneration. The green packaging requirements in the sustainable development strategy The design, manufacture, use, and disposal of product packaging should all meet the requirements for ecological protection such as low consumption, reduction in quantity, and less pollution. Green packaging also refers to packages that are recyclable and environmentally friendly. Green packaging refers not only to the packaging of the goods sold in the stores themselves, but also to the use of green packaging when the goods are purchased separately.
2 Green Packaging Materials The basic requirements of green packaging materials are that they are easy to recycle and have no pollution. Green packaging materials mainly include the following types.
2.1 Plastic Packaging In people's minds, plastic is the culprit for the "white pollution", because most of the plastics used today are not decomposable. At present, the internationally popular "degradable new plastics" have excellent qualities that are self-decomposing and disappear after being discarded and do not pollute the environment.
According to the "Watching" magazine, Germany has invented a packaging cup made from starch that is insoluble in liquids and can contain dairy products. This invention saves 4 billion Plastic Bottle materials for Germany and it is easily disassembled after being discarded. The United States has developed a plastic bag made from starch and synthetic fiber, which can be broken down into water and carbon dioxide in nature. Countries such as the Netherlands and Italy have already stipulated that certain plastic packaging materials must use biodegradable plastics, and no environmentally harmful packaging should be placed on the market. China's Sichuan Province successfully developed controllable light and biodegradable starch plastic products, but due to the high cost, no mass production has yet been established.
2.2 Paper Packaging There are many types of paper packaging and it is easy to recycle.
At present, many companies have considered the use of medium-sized, heavy-duty pressure cardboard boxes or white cardboard boxes to pack, and use a variety of moisture-proof fresh paper instead of plastic film for packaging. At present, the recycling technology of waste paper is also relatively mature. Waste paper and waste paper boxes can also be used to remanufacture different secondary products of different quality according to their color and composition. In Japan, recycled paper shopping bags became fashionable. Major department stores used them. After 10 years of research and experiment, Swedes invented the Tetra Pak brick aseptic carton packaging. The milk, juice and beverages used in such packages need not be refrigerated. You can keep fresh for 6 months. After recycling, it can be made into color music board for furniture, decoration materials, toys, speaker equipment and so on. The French environmental protection department clearly stipulates that supermarket packaging must be printed with "recycling" environmental protection signs. On the food shelf, most dairy products, juices, and beverages are packed with Tetra Pak aseptic carton packs. Carton packaging has become the mainstream of European liquid food packaging. At present, more than half of the plastic packaging in the United States has been changed to new paper packaging. In China, Shanghai Jiabao Packaging Company has introduced advanced equipment to develop a pulp model. This product is made from natural plant fibers, such as reed pulp, bagasse pulp, wood pulp and other raw materials, which are scientifically formulated and molded. This pulp model is the ideal product to replace foam plastic tableware.
2.3 Glass packaging High-strength, thin-walled, lightweight glass is increasingly being used.
If you do not contain metals, ceramics and other substances, the glass can be almost completely recycled. The content of other colored glass fragments in a certain color glass has maximum limits: 1 Green glass: The maximum content of other colored glass does not exceed 15%. 2 White glass: The maximum content of other colored glass does not exceed 3%, in which the maximum content of brown glass does not exceed 2%, and the maximum content of green glass does not exceed 1%. 3 Brown glass: The maximum content of other colored glass does not exceed 8%. For this reason, it is necessary to strengthen the separate collection of different colored glass. In some developed countries, white glass and stained glass are separately collected in different containers. Because glass packaging has strong visibility and is easy to recycle and reuse, it becomes the main container for beverages and other products.
2.4 Bamboo Packaging Bamboo packaging has the characteristics of being non-toxic, non-polluting, and easy to recycle. It also complies with the principles of “resources, reduction, and harmlessness†advocated by the state. Bamboo packaging refers to: bamboo plastic box, silk bundle box and so on. China is a country lacking timber in the world, but the total area of ​​bamboo forests and the amount of bamboo resources in China ranks first and second in the world. China's bamboo packaging with rich traditional culture is favored by countries in Europe, America and Japan.
2.5 Metal Packaging It is characterized by easy recycling, multiple use, recycling and profitability.
Metal packaging usually refers to two-piece or three-piece aluminum cans and three pieces of tinplate cans that use resistance welding and steel packing boxes.
3 The design of green packaging (1) Packaging designers should use green packaging materials and design long-life packaging materials as much as possible, which can greatly reduce the environmental pollution after packaging is discarded.
(2) Reduction of packaging. In some developed countries, many supermarkets encourage consumers to use nylon shopping bags that can be used multiple times and use less disposable plastic bags. The materials used in packaging design are minimized, unnecessary packaging is eliminated as much as possible, and simple packaging is promoted to save resources.
(3) Simplification of packaging materials. The materials used are as simple as possible and do not mix with different materials for recycling.
(4) Detachable packaging design. Packagings that require a composite structure should be designed as a detachable structure that facilitates recycling after disassembly.
(5) Pay attention to the reuse of packaging materials. Use packaging that can be recycled, reused, and recycled to increase the packaging life cycle, thereby reducing packaging waste.
(6) Detoxification of packaging materials. The European Packaging and Packaging Waste Directive regulates the level of heavy metals (lead, mercury, chromium, etc.), for example, the lead content is less than 100 ppm. China should also stipulate in legislation the prohibition of the use or reduction of the use of certain packaging materials containing lead, mercury, and tin and other harmful ingredients, and specify the content of heavy metals.
4 Conclusion Green packaging is closely related to environmental protection and is worthy of worldwide attention. In the face of the global green packaging revolution, China is about to join the WTO. In order for our products to enter the international market in an even more invincible position, China's packaging industry should make great efforts to catch up with the world trend in product packaging. Packaging has a future. (LI Jun, HUANG Hong, SHI Xiaohong) (Department of Materials, Chongqing Institute of Technology, Chongqing 400050) (From "Packaging Project")
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