In artificial climate testing, the temperature experienced by a polymer material can be measured in multiple ways. Along with the air temperature inside the chamber, which is typically recorded using a dry and wet bulb hygrometer, a blackboard hygrometer is also commonly used. This device measures the temperature of a black or white standard plate, which simulates the actual thermal conditions that the test sample might experience.
The temperature read by the blackboard thermometer is not just the ambient air temperature; it includes the heat absorbed from both the heated air and the radiant energy from the light source. The blackboard itself is usually made of a metal plate coated with a black lacquer that absorbs over 90% of the incident light, especially at wavelengths up to 2500 nm. Because this plate is placed parallel to the sample, it accurately reflects the maximum temperature that the sample could reach during exposure. As a result, the blackboard thermometer serves as an important tool for monitoring and controlling the upper temperature limit during testing.
Blackboard thermometers have been widely used in standards such as ASTM, JIS, DIN, and ISO for many years. However, with the evolution of artificial climate chambers, their design has also evolved. Modern versions are more precise and better adapted to different testing environments.
A typical blackboard thermometer consists of a stainless steel plate measuring approximately 150 mm in length, 70 mm in width, and 1 mm in thickness. The surface facing the light source is coated with a black flat lacquer that ensures high absorptivity. A temperature sensor—either a bimetallic disc or a resistance-type sensor—is mounted in the center of the plate and securely attached to its surface to ensure accurate readings.
Different types of climate chambers, such as xenon arc, carbon arc, and fluorescent UV chambers, use blackboard thermometers of varying sizes depending on the dimensions of the sample holder. This ensures that the temperature measurement remains consistent and relevant to the specific testing conditions. Overall, the blackboard thermometer remains a crucial component in evaluating the thermal performance of materials under simulated environmental conditions.
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